Why and Why Not to Question/Inquire

“…what is the benefit that Master Gotama lives for? … the Tathagata lives for the benefit and fruit of true knowledge and liberation.”

SN 46.6: Kuṇḍaliya —Translation by Bhikkhu Bodhi

A fool is known by three things. What three? They ask a question improperly. They answer a question improperly. And when someone else answers a question properly—with well-rounded, coherent, and relevant words and phrases—they disagree with it.

These are the three things by which a fool is known.

An astute person is known by three things. What three? They ask a question properly. They answer a question properly. And when someone else answers a question properly—with well-rounded, coherent, and relevant words and phrases—they agree with it.

Numbered Discourses 3
1. Fools
5. Improper — Ayoniso Sutta

A few reasons — some simple, some setting a very high bar — I’ve noticed in myself and others on perhaps why to inquire, and mostly why not to inquire and ask questions:

  1. First and foremost obviously, zero harming
  2. Not for denigration; to invalidate and/or say something is being done wrong
  3. Not to challenge anyone’s knowledge
  4. Not to discredit anyone or anything
  5. Not to challenge authority
  6. Not to promote one viewpoint over another
  7. Not to upset the (surrounding) status quo and certainly not to divide
  8. Not to test
  9. Not for domination
  10. Not for control
  11. Not for distraction
  12. Not for delay
  13. Not to mislead or misguide
  14. Not to disrupt
  15. Not for uneasiness
  16. Not to enact any agendas, known, unknown, or otherwise (other than valid reasons to inquire/question)
  17. Not for grandstanding, gaining favor, merit, credit, or brownie points
  18. Not to impress
  19. Not to destroy
  20. Not to uphold
  21. Not to rebuild or reconstruct (from a place of loss or defeat)
  22. Not for any specific changes
  23. Not to prove who’s right and who’s wrong from a place of righteousness
  24. Not in order to prove one’s doubt
  25. Not for the requirement to receive an answer
  26. Not for any unskillful, unwise, unwholesome reasons associated with modern day schooling systems aka educational institutions
  27. Not to nitpick and get lost in the weeds
  28. Not to leave others behind
  29. Not to patronize and/or speak down to anybody
  30. Not to dumb down oneself for a better chance to be under/overstood
  31. Not to ask one thing but mean another
  32. Not to personally prove oneself
  33. Not to suggest preferences or desired outcomes without clearly stating them
  34. Not to ask because one can
  35. Not to be seen and/or heard (in order to be heard and/or seen)
  36. Not for mere curiosity
  37. Not to overly accelerate progress without understanding the (possible) fallout and/or repercussions

Perhaps inquire, assess and question with intent to lead toward true knowledge, liberation and the (long-term) well-being of all


And along with the standard wise speech guidelines of truthfulness, kindness, helpfulness, necessity, timeliness, and non-division, here are some additional potential considerations:

  • consider confidence levels and ability levels
  • intuit how the question(s) will be taken / perceived or not
  • assess context and audience it (may be) intended for
  • intuit potential fall out, ramifications, benefits, aftermath / after effects the question(s) may or may not have

Ven. Sāriputta said: “All those who ask questions of another do so from any one of five motivations. Which five?

“One asks a question of another through stupidity & bewilderment. One asks a question of another through evil desires & overwhelmed with greed. One asks a question of another through contempt. One asks a question of another when desiring knowledge. Or one asks a question with this thought, ‘If, when asked, he answers correctly, well & good. If not, then I will answer correctly (for him).’

On Asking Questions
Pañhapucchā Sutta  (AN 5:165)

Two Buddhist Forum Posts Shutdown: Body Ownership and Secret Society Influences

“While body is not me or mine what is a wise response to those claiming various degrees of ownerships on body?” is the title of a now closed forum post. The closed post in full:

What are some kind, wholesome, skillful, wise and helpful responses and views to the following various claims of body ownership:

“The United States government claims 100% ownership over all your DNA and reproductive rights. This astonishing revelation has emerged from the fact that the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office claims the power to assign ownership of your DNA to private companies and universities who apply for patents on your genes.

To date, more than 4,000 genes have been assigned ownership to corporations and universities by the U.S. patent office. Such an assignment of ownership proves that the government believes it owns 100% of all human genes — you cannot transfer ownership of something unless you first own it yourself.

To date, 20 percent of your genetic code is owned by someone else. About two-thirds of these patents belong to private companies, and one-third belong to universities. The company that owns the most patents is called Incyte, a drug company based in California which “owns” the patents on 2,000 human genes.” Via https://www.naturalnews.com/040400_gene_patents_genetic_slavery_human_DNA.html

And from 2012 via http://anh-usa.org/fda-new-claim-body-is-a-drug/ :

…[The] FDA says your own stem cells are drugs—and stem cell therapy is interstate commerce because it affects the bottom line of FDA-approved drugs in other states!

We wish this were a joke, but it’s the US Food and Drug Administration’s latest claim in its battle with a Colorado clinic over its Regenexx-C™ procedure, a non-surgical treatment for people suffering from moderate to severe joint or bone pain using adult stem cells.

The FDA asserts in a court document that it has the right to regulate the Centeno-Schultz Medical Clinic for two reasons:

1) Stem cells are drugs and therefore fall within their jurisdiction. (The clinic argues that stem cell therapy is the practice of medicine and is therefore not within the FDA’s jurisdiction!)

2) The clinic is engaging in interstate commerce and is therefore subject to FDA regulation because any part of the machine or procedure that originates outside Colorado becomes interstate commerce once it enters the state. Moreover, interstate commerce is substantially affected because individuals traveling to Colorado to have the Regenexx procedure would “depress the market for out-of-state drugs that are approved by FDA.”

[note: full articles linked here link to source documents]

Reasoning given for closing the post: governments can also put the human body in prison, or tax it, or kill it, or assign it a birth certificate and a nationality, and so on, but there is no Buddhist related question.

Fair enough. Yes, explaining the interrelationship of the potential violation of human rights mentioned above with Buddhist doctrine, thought, ethics, practice, worldview, etc, would likely help better fit into the decorum and proceedings at Buddhism Stack Exchange. At the same time could this post not being allowed public indicate a hot button, controversial topic?

How can we harmoniously — and in concord with all — convey, remedy, and resolve the reality of abuse potential from various forces claiming ownership on humanity?

[7/4/2021 UPDATE:] In this short audio a similar question put to Bhante Sujato at Vesak Poya Week on the Life of the Buddha

Audio: On genetic ownership attempts — Day 1 – Vesak Poya Week – Life of the Buddha by Ajahn Sujato – 28th May

The title and body of the second closed post:

Which (semi)secret societies influence Buddhism?

What are the names of the (semi)secret societies — any and/or all of them — that have influenced, are influencing (and, via common consent, may influence in the future) Buddhism?

and further comment:

To clarify, the key word here is “influence.” Not so much that there are secret Buddhists withholding secret Dhamma. Rather, we can see how some large public organizations are now very interested in the popularity of mindfulness which may result in a knock-on effect on “Buddhism.” Where attention goes, energy flows. So then, why wouldn’t those in power attempt to exert influence? Furthermore, wouldn’t those in power (outside of Buddhism) have less power if they were 100% transparent? As a reference please look to the vast amount of State secrets and the “security clearances” involved.

Summarizing some replies:

  • Theosophical Society shaping Theravada and constructing the term “Early Buddhism”
  • financing of some monastics to promote certain views
  • incentive for those in power to not promote true enlightenment
  • those in power steering the scientific community and public in directions in order to maintain power

This post was deemed “opinion-based” and closed.

Karma Knows | (9/29/2020 — “Ask Us Anything” With Denny K Miu)

September 2020’s, open-audience, open-discussion “Ask Us Anything” — discussions about meditation and related topics — with co-host Denny K Miu primarily address the term “Hīnayāna” and misunderstandings about karma.

My original questions for the talk (followed by Denny’s response):

  • Karma seems to be the People’s Magazine (perhaps an outdated reference) of dharma. Karma seems both fundamental and profound. Gross and apparent as well as hidden and subtle. While investigating all the ins and outs of karma is considered one of the imponderables — reserved for the Buddha because the potential for madness — how can we not get scared off from deeply studying and investigating the given teachings on karma and knowing/observing karma in ones experience? [While searching I also came across a lengthy list of the types of karma in Jainism] I feel as with most everything, we benefit from feedback from friends and teachers. [UPDATE 10/8/20: regardless of all of this, most importantly, how am I viewing what is happening in any given moment, and what is my response, if any?]
  • “Hīnayāna” as a superlative. As a westerner I don’t innerstand this and have no preference or value judgement to any of the vehicles, smaller (Theravada), greater (Mahayana), ultimate/indestructible (Vajrayana). If meaning just smaller vehicle, couldn’t a small vehicle, like a Porsche roadster, get somebody quickly to where they could be of assistance in special situations? I’ve also heard a non-Buddhist describe Theravada as a small path, or narrow path, or esoteric path that’s not for everyone and only a few can walk.
  • [note: we did not address this topic in the chat:] “self-love” as a negative term in Mahayana. Yes, on a higher level self-love obviously is not helpful. However, for those with low self-esteem, low self-confidence, victim mentality and/or with an inferior negative ego, I feel loving one’s own heart, if done appropriately, can fulfill a healthy psychological counter-balance
  • What does “Ji Ru” translate as?

(from Denny:)

  • Six of the eight consciousnesses are associated with the body (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch and mental action/volition) and two are associated with the mind (self-grasping and memory/karma, aka mano and ālāya).  Each can be thought of as cause (seed) and effect (fruit).  The “sight” is an “effect” of the “eyes” coming into contact with simulants from the outside world, but it can also be the “cause” since it is the internal simulant for the brain (the mind root) resulting in mental action.  Therefore “karma” can also be both the “cause” and the “effect”.  “Karma” is the “fruit/effect” since it is a record of all mental actions, but it is also the “seed/cause” helping to shape future mental actions.  However, in order for a seed (cause) to grow into a fruit (effect), it requires “condition”.  The most common misunderstanding of “karma” is that it is the ”condition”.  This is wrong since “karma” is only the seed that affects the future but it is not the future.  We control the outcome because we control the condition.
  • Hina means small and Yana means vehicle.  Hanayana is a frictional term created by the Chinese buddhists to denigrate those who do not practice their so-called Mahayana tradition (Maha means big).  In 1950 the World Fellowship of Buddhists had declared that the term Hīnayāna should not be used when referring to Buddhism practiced in SouthEast Asia, instead the term Theravada should be used which means elders.  Surprisingly many Chinese Buddhist monastics still insist on using the pejorative term, consistent with their lack of modern education and world view.  One of the most popular Mahayana scriptures is the Lotus Sutra which was translated into Chinese in 286 CE.  The oldest scripture is the Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra which was thought to be written around 50 CE.  In order words, the so-called Mahayana tradition did not come into existence until almost 500 years after the death of the historical Buddha whereas the Theravada tradition came into existence immediately after (through the 1st Council).   The tradition continued until the second Council which was around 300 BCE, 300 years after the death of Buddha.  And the third Council which was convened by King Ashoka was around 250 BCE and subsequently delegates were sent to various parts of the world including Sri Lanka.  In other words, the beginning of the Theravada tradition as practiced in SouthEast Asia predated the Mahayana tradition by at least 300 years.  So it is not only contextually inaccurate, it is also historically inaccurate to refer to anything non-Mahayana as Hinayana.  Finally, the beginning of Buddhism in China started with the Sutra of the Forty Two Chapters which was translated in 67 CE by two monks from India which predated the transition to Mahayana by also 300 years.  In other words, the original Buddhist tradition that came to China was not even the so-called Mahayana tradition.  The Mahayana tradition is actually a cultural amalgamation of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism.
  • Jiru is 繼如.  繼 means to continue.  如 could come from 如來 which is one of the ten epithets of Buddha.  In Sanskrit 如來 is Tathāgata which means the one beyond all coming and going – beyond all transitory phenomena.

Audio: Karma Knows | (9/29/2020 — “Ask Us Anything” With Denny K Miu)

Or listen via Insight Timer (app or website)


Join Denny live Saturdays online for Yi Jin Jing and mindful joint, stretching, breathing, and qi exercises via:


Full list of links at DennyKMiu.com


Continue reading “Karma Knows | (9/29/2020 — “Ask Us Anything” With Denny K Miu)”

Anesthetic consciousness: “If everything is consciousness, what happens during anesthesia?”

I recently listened to a voicemail from a friend who called asking, “if everything is consciousness, what happens during anesthesia?”

It’s a great question and the short answer is: I don’t know. And “if everything is consciousness” is only one perception of reality. After deferring to referring him to a few folks who may provide a decent answer, and without researching the question, I also offered:

Wild you ask that. We’re studying Yogachara, a consciousness-only, school of Buddhism. From wikipedia: ‘According to Dan Lusthaus, this tradition developed “an elaborate psychological therapeutic system that mapped out the problems in cognition along with the antidotes to correct them, and an earnest epistemological endeavor that led to some of the most sophisticated work on perception and logic ever engaged in by Buddhists or Indians.”‘

. . . I’ve never been under. My off the cuff thought is it would maybe be similar to how it is during drug-induced/hypnagogic/liminal/sleep/ dream-like states. [Combinations of these.] Then there’s the whole field of Buddhist psychology in the Abhidhamma with detailed extensive teachings on consciousness. I feel neuroscience is just starting to catch up with it.

And then a follow up reply:

Metaphorically, when we are “asleep” we could be likened more to dead than alive. As opposed to “awake”. At least that’s one perspective — as long as those aspiring to realize awakening don’t berate themselves for not being fully awake yet. This is perhaps described as a process and a journey.

. . . It seems to me we perhaps have a mini death and resurrection every night before sleeping and then awakening. Even more subtle is our constant day-to-day, moment-to-moment “death” of losing mindfulness and “rebirth” of regaining mindfulness.

An Integrating Presence Meditation at Mary’s House of Healing September 30, 2020

On September 30, 2020 at Mary’s House of Healing starting at 7pm, I plan to facilitate a guided meditation starting with brief instructions along with a discussion before and after. We will likely choose from the following: concentration; loving-kindness; (open) awareness; 5 simple qigong breathing exercises; and/or mindfulness (breath, body, feelings, mind)


Audio: An Integrating Presence Meditation at Mary’s House of Healing September 30, 2020

Fat Cat Longevity at Mary’s House of Healing

Mary’s House of Healing
524 South Main Street
Downstairs at Fat Cat Longevity next to Peace Love Coffee…
St. Charles, MO

September 30, 2020 — 7:00pm – 7:45pm

Doors open: 6:50pm — Doors close: 7:05pm

Donations welcome & appreciated

JNANI: The Silent Sage of Arunachala — Questions and Comments on the Film about Sri Ramana Maharshi

The Sri Ramana Maharshi biopic film JNANI: The Silent Sage of Arunachala is beautifully assembled with astonishing archival photos and first hand account interviews. Even though I’m a new comer to Ramana Maharshi — known for Self-inquiry — I feel what he conveyed and taught seem well represented in JNANI. Just witnessing the images of Ramana seem to quiet the mind resulting in a peaceful and awake contentment. The still photo in this post depicts Ramana Maharshi in the rain with a clear reflection of his immediate background on the wet ground but without a trace of Ramana’s body reflected.

There’s nothing but honor and respect for Ramana Maharshi, one of Earth’s most profound figures in recent times. And it is with this same honor and respect that I relate the following mundane questions, perhaps spurred on by a background interest in parapolitics. Unfortunately, underhanded politics work their way into spiritual matters. The intent is not to take any sides — either locally, with various nations or even globally — but to bring any needed awareness in order to bring truth to light for better viewpoints and better (future) individual and collective decision making while allowing any irrelevant lines of inquiry to easily fall away:

Disability

  • Were there other accomplished sages and saints of similar stature during his time, without much popularity, and who don’t look a little physically disabled?
  • Could Ramana’s popularity be related in any way with disability? As in, “oh, you want to be a great enlightened sage? OK, then here’s a role model with a portly/unfit body from neglecting his health”. [The potential purpose being those in power’s attempt to initially discourage a path of self-realization for those still attached to egos, images and personalities.]
  • And could his promotion as a popular spiritual figure possibly impact Hinduism division(s) (and diminish its numbers) via divide and conquer tactics?

Westerners and Eastern Politics

  • Who were the Westerners Maurice Frydman and Major A. W. Chadwick (a major Ramana Maharshi figure with no current Wikipedia entry)?
  • What was Frydman engineering background, and how and why was an engineer so instrumental in the Indian independence movement?
  • Being connected to Theosophists Wanda Dynowska and Jiddu Krishnamurti, what was Frydman’s position in Theosophy, if any?
  • Wanda Dynowska helped with Tibetan refugees in India and the film mentions Frydman’s instrumental part in bringing the Dalai Lama to India. Without doing a deep dive into the CIA’s role in China, Tibet and the Dalai Lama’s flight to India, I also wonder about such possible Intelligence Agency connections for these two Western figures — a ghostly WW I veteran, and an engineer with secret society connections and high level political involvement.
  • Taking liberties by extrapolating the aforementioned for thought experiments: Even with or without any known or unknown deliberate CIA influences on the situation, could the Dalai Lama signify/symbolize/signal CIA dominance by them saving the savior-like Bodhisattvas of Tibet? And from one perspective, could the CIA be seen as sort of besting a spiritual sect by providing seeming harmony and a better political climate for Tibetans in India while making China look like the bad guys (as perhaps another subtle reason for potential war) all the while, in a way, currently lording over a powerful foreign spiritual religion behind the scenes as a background influence (by means of “rescue”, emplacement, politics and normalizing Tibetan Buddhism into western culture, a la Free Tibet, Richard Gere, Uma Thurman’s father Robert Thurman, etc.)?

Miscellaneous Questions

  • Is he carrying a teapot in several photos? If so, any significance?
  • Is the true nature, big Self that he realized the Atman or perhaps Para Brahman?

Wisdom Snippets: Belief (Downsides And Solutions)

From “The Unfoldment: The Organic Path to Clarity, Power, and Transformation” (p. 41-48). Career Press. Kindle Edition. By Neil Kramer.

‘Belief is often about comfort. It is reassuring to know that a thing will be the same today as it was yesterday. We set up all kinds of routines and habitual practices in our daily lives in an attempt to persuade ourselves that change is somewhere far off in the distance, only occasionally dipping in to jiggle things around. Our brains have been conditioned to favor solidity, stability, and order in everything that we observe. We believe that the chair exists; we can see it and touch it. It was there yesterday, and it will most likely be there tomorrow. It is a defined experience, well evidenced and self-apparent. What could be more real than the physicality of the objects in our world? Surely, we can believe in their existence? Yet this way of thinking is not accurate.

In actuality, all things are in a constant state of flux at all times. Every material form is always vibrating, shifting, and transforming. Only our brains make them look still and concrete. In Buddhism, this observance is called annica (impermanence) and is one of the three marks of existence that characterize the illusory world (the others being dukkha, unsatisfactoriness, and anatta, non-self). Annica teaches that all formations are impermanent and real spiritual growth begins with dispassionate experiential mindfulness of the present moment. Consciousness is in its most natural, balanced, and truthful state when brought into the center of now. This is difficult to do when constrained by beliefs of any kind. When we believe things, we create constructs that can hinder the natural flow of consciousness. We fabricate illusions of permanence to make ourselves feel better.

In the Zen tradition, impermanence is called mujō, indicating the transience and mutability of all compound objects. It is a vital principle in understanding the flow of the unreal. The Zen student begins to actively engage with the reality that nothing lasts, yet nothing is lost. From the ultrasoup of infinite energy arise all forms and patterns, and back they go to tell their story, merging with the undifferentiated whole once more. After a time, forms separate out again and go onto the next voyage. Belief only slows this realization down.

In 1980, David Bohm published his book Wholeness and the Implicate Order, articulating the same ancient wisdom but in the modern language of quantum physics. His view of the enfolded implicate order and the unfolded explicate order was radically different from the prevailing mechanistic physics of the time. Today, his ideas are still deeply antithetical to the reductionist fetishes of mainstream science. In Bohm’s model, primacy is given to the undivided whole and the enfolded implicate order within the whole, rather than particles, quantum states, and continua. What this suggests is that forms arise from a wholeness of energy; they are a result of particular formations that are bound by consciousness. He shows that the universe is not a vast machine made up of atomic building blocks. Indeed, there is no sustainable distinction between manifest reality and consciousness. For Bohm, the whole language of quantum physics. His view of the enfolded implicate order and the unfolded explicate order was radically different from the prevailing mechanistic physics of the time. Today, his ideas are still deeply antithetical to the reductionist fetishes of mainstream science. In Bohm’s model, primacy is given to the undivided whole and the enfolded implicate order within the whole, rather than particles, quantum states, and continua. What this suggests is that forms arise from a wholeness of energy; they are a result of particular formations that are bound by consciousness. He shows that the universe is not a vast machine made up of atomic building blocks. Indeed, there is no sustainable distinction between manifest reality and consciousness. For Bohm, the whole encompasses all things, entities, structures, abstractions, and processes. Nothing is entirely separate or autonomous; it is all part of a unified and extremely cohesive whole.

It has to be said that the impermanence of all things can be an unsettling notion for even the most elastic of human minds. We can’t help but value an element of constancy and predictability as foundations for a well-ordered life. This is why we fashion beliefs—in the hope that they will serve as mental life rafts that will help keep us afloat. But there really is nothing to worry about. We must contemplate that it is consciousness itself that molds the objects around us. There is no physical boundary between oneself and that which is outside oneself. It is only our brain that proposes a gap, in order that we can navigate around our world more easily. But in the business of unfoldment, we can reduce or even dissolve that gap by realizing that our consciousness is the chair, just in the same way that our consciousness is our dreams. It is the intelligent holographic fabric of reality itself, an emanation from the divine. As the great alchemical sages put it, “the all is mind, the universe is mental.” Belief plays a key role in either opening or closing that flow of potential energy.

It certainly seems that there are helpful beliefs and unhelpful beliefs. A helpful belief is “I believe that by drinking this glass of water, my thirst will be quenched,” whereas an unhelpful belief might be “I believe that the nasty disease that I have just been diagnosed with is going to kill me.” They are both working models, though one has a positive aspect and one has a negative aspect. So why on Earth would anyone ever sustain a negative working model that does not benefit them? Why believe what might not be true and could well contribute to his or her own undoing?

People believe because of consensus. They believe because of the compelling gravitation of all the other people who believe the same thing. There are so many abiding beliefs that tell us that the body is just a machine, that hospitals are the best place for biological machines to get fixed, and that the system of Western medicine is the most advanced in the world. Such powerful and well-established beliefs—with such irresistible group blessing—soon overwhelm any individual conception of the body’s own innate capacity to heal itself. That is merely a wishful fantasy that promptly evaporates in the hard light of someone else’s manufactured reality.

The placebo effect is where a positive therapeutic effect is experienced by a patient, physically and/or psychologically, after receiving an inert treatment (such as an inactive sugar pill) that is believed by the patient to be an active and effective drug. Certain sections of the medical establishment have long sought to rubbish and discredit this whole phenomenon as it presents some worrying philosophical dilemmas for conventional medicine. Curiously, the placebo effect is not just limited to the patient’s physical and mental responses; the doctor’s attitude can play a role, too. In 1961, Henry K. Beecher, an influential figure in the history of anesthesiology and medical ethics, observed that surgeons he categorized as enthusiastic succeeded in relieving their patients’ chest pain and heart problems more than skeptical surgeons. Is consciousness once more being caught entangled in form?

In July 2011, the ABC Medical News Unit reported on a pilot study published in The New England Journal of Medicine. The report suggests that we should:

“Never underestimate the power of the mind when it comes to feeling better. In the newest demonstration of how healing can be triggered by patients’ expectations of what medical attention can do for them, placebo treatments were as good as real medication in making asthmatic patients feel they were breathing more easily. Thirty-nine asthma patients reported about as much perceived relief from a placebo inhaler or from sham acupuncture as from an inhaled dose of the steroid albuterol.”

Coauthor of the study Dr. Michael E. Wechsler, an asthma specialist at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston, writes, “Placebo effects can be clinically meaningful and can rival the effects of active medication in patients with asthma.” Predictably, the study later goes on to say that “patient self-reports can be unreliable.” However, in an accompanying editorial in the same issue of the journal, Dr. Daniel E. Moerman, an expert on the placebo effect from the University of Michigan–Dearborn, called into question the idea that patients’ self-reports were unreliable because their perceived improvements from treatment were not necessarily corroborated by lung capacity tests. He stated, “It is the subjective symptoms that brought these patients to medical care in the first place. They came because they were wheezing and felt suffocated, not because they had a reduced [lung capacity].” Not all doctors are swept up in the pressure to conform to the norm. In their 2005 paper, “Making Space for the Placebo Effect in Pain Medicine,” Dr. Daniel Moerman and Dr. Anne Harrington detail some fascinating mental effects of brand marketing on the administering of active drugs and placebos:

“In one study, 835 women who regularly used over-the-counter analgesics for headaches were placed randomly into four groups: one group received unlabeled placebo; one received placebo marked with a widely advertised and widely-available brand name, “one of the most popular…analgesics in the United Kingdom and supported by extensive advertising”; one received unbranded true aspirin, and one received branded true aspirin. Each subject was asked to note the amount of headache pain relief experienced an hour after taking the pills. The results showed, unsurprisingly, that aspirin was more effective than placebo. More surprising, perhaps, was the finding that brand-name aspirin was more effective than generic aspirin, and brand-name placebo was more effective than generic placebo. Aspirin relieves headaches, but so does the knowledge that one is taking pills whose efficacy one has learned to trust from television advertisements. In this study, a brand name itself turned out to have independent active properties, enhancing the effects of both placebos and true aspirin.”

Concluding their paper, Moerman and Harrington note:

“What we know, understand, think, and feel; what we are told and believe; the relationships we have with our clinicians—our doctors, nurses, and probably receptionists and parking lot attendants—can very directly affect our response to medical treatment, and, in particular, analgesic treatment. These matters are, these days, largely left to chance, or to ideology, or to market forces, but are still rarely subject to robust science. There is much to be learned here that is not only of enormous intellectual interest but that also might lead to material improvements of the quality of medical care for pain and other disorders; making room for the placebo in pain studies may complicate matters, but there is too much at stake to do anything else.” medical care for pain and other disorders; making room for the placebo in pain studies may complicate matters, but there is too much at stake to do anything else.”

The marketing of belief has a physical effect on the body. Whenever we detect that fear is being marketed, particularly through mainstream television, we should be on our guard. If fear is present in the propagation of a belief system—whatever that may be—there is always disempowerment. The dominant human tendency to identify with the biological shell of the body is a fundamental piece of fear conditioning. If people believe that they are their physical shell, then they will remain subservient and deferential to those who are apparently capable of looking after it. It is an old trick and one that has been used for a long time by those who desire to manipulate. Simply put, if your belief is being controlled, your mind and body are being controlled.

Questions arise. Is belief required for one’s authentic unfoldment? Does it have a role to play in the attainment of gnosis and the process of conscious individual growth? Is belief even necessary at all? With reason and honesty, these questions have remarkably straightforward answers.

Do we need to believe in God to have a relationship with God? No. We just have a relationship with God. Do we need to believe that we can cook a fabulous Thanksgiving dinner to actually succeed in cooking one? No. We just cook one. What about believing in ourselves? Or believing that we can play the piano beautifully? What we are really saying is that we would like to focus more conscious energy into these things. The more we do that, the better they will turn out. The belief associated with them is just an extraneous mental construct that gets in the way of the smooth flow of consciousness. It is not needed.

Our beliefs tend to be binary. They are either yes or no, black or white, 0 or 1. Popular consensus strongly affects that result, whether we like it or not. To believe that we cannot levitate the coin in the air because the overwhelming majority of people would say that that is impossible, means that the programmed subconscious mind will not permit it. The common mistake is then to immediately charge the opposite belief: that we can do it. This, too, gets in the way because it creates a paradigm-cracking conflict that the mind would rather not have to deal with. Paradoxes are not allowed in belief-laden minds. The wise move is to believe nothing. To carefully, but willfully, remove belief from the operating system altogether. To let consciousness flow without hindrance. This is the secret of the physics-bending adepts of Europe and Asia. They have learned to jettison belief and just get out of their own way.

We do not need to believe. We can operate with integrity, fine conduct, and honor without any beliefs at all. We can create, inspire, grow, and love without believing a thing. We can feel free to formulate striking and elaborate theories about the world, as many as we wish, but we need not become attached to them. We can let them come and go, transform, and evolve, in a much more organic way.

I propose that we replace the concept of internalizing beliefs with the concept of holding ideas. It is hard to dig out of a heavy belief, but it is not hard to let go of an idea that you are merely holding. Beliefs require ongoing energetic maintenance and a fixed narrative to sustain them. In contrast, something that is just being lightly held, without internalizing it as belief or disbelief, remains as light as a feather. It requires no safeguarding of any kind, and there is no weight to it. We can hold many ideas without feeling any weight at all. If any given idea proves to be useless or untrue, we simply let go of it. If it proves to be useful and true, we keep it. Over time, these ideas gain higher and higher fidelity as they continue to refine themselves, until they become totally weightless. No investment is required either way. No investment = no weight.

Don Juan Matus said, “A warrior is never under siege. To be under siege implies that one has personal possessions that could be blockaded. A warrior has nothing in the world except his impeccability, and impeccability cannot be threatened.” This applies equally to possessions of the non-physical kind. With no beliefs to carry, the speed, fluidity, and expansion of the spiritual warrior is greatly enhanced.’

Kramer, Neil. The Unfoldment: The Organic Path to Clarity, Power, and Transformation (p. 41-48). Career Press. Kindle Edition.


And from What the Buddha Taught by Walpola Rahula [pdf]:

It is an undeniable fact that as long as there is doubt, perplexity, wavering, no progress is possible.

It is also equally undeniable that there must be doubt as long as one does not understand or see clearly. But in order to progress further it is absolutely necessary to get rid of doubt. To get rid of doubt one has to see clearly. There is no point in saying that one should not doubt or one should believe. Just to say ‘I believe’ does not mean that you understand and see. When a student works on a mathematical problem, he comes to a stage beyond which he does not know how to proceed, and where he is in doubt and perplexity. As long as he has this doubt, he cannot proceed.

If he wants to proceed, he must resolve this doubt. And there are ways of resolving that doubt. Just to say ‘I believe’, or ‘I do not doubt’ will certainly not solve the problem. To force oneself to believe and to accept a thing without understanding is political, and not spiritual or intellectual.

Excerpt from What the Buddha Taught by Walpola Rahula

Sub-commentary for ‘A Blueprint of Enlightenment: A Contemporary Commentary on Dōgen Zenji’s “Gokudō Yōjinshū” (Guidelines for Studying the Way)’ by Gien Inoue

At Confluence Zen Center’s recent five year anniversary gathering and book signing in Maplewood, Missouri, I picked up a copy of A Blueprint of Enlightenment: A Contemporary Commentary on Dōgen Zenji’s Gokudō Yōjinshū (Guidelines for Studying the Way) by Gien Inoue translated by Daigaku Rummé and Keiko Ohmae. [Also available via Amazon.] Having attending Confluence Zen Center’s Zoom studies on this text I feel honored, grateful and blessed to have contributed to its digesting and now share a bit, mostly referencing chapters 8 and 9.

But first, a favorite line from the text:

‘Distinguishing clearly between the condition in which you deal with yourself through your own ideas, and the condition that these movements take place irrespective of your own thoughts, this state is referred to as “ancient secret”…’

Also, throughout the draft of the text for the Zoom studies, the only thing highlighted is the word “Buddhism” and seems to be swapped out here and there with “Buddhadharma”.

“Buddhism” is a western term. “Buddha” is one of the historical Buddha’s titles often translated as “awake(n)”. And translating “dharma” as “teachings” and/or “the truth of the way things are” and/or “reality” are words that only kind of scratch the surface of what “(D/)dharma” points to.

So here in the west, taking the title “Buddha” — which references enlightenment, awaking, realization — and then making it just another “-ism” seems like kind of a head scratcher. Is this really just something else to be lumped in with other religions? Granted though “Buddhism” is likely way more recognizable and accessible to total newcomers than “Buddhadharma”. Quite an interesting, and quite literal highlight.

Chapter 8: The Conduct of Zen Monks

A profound contemplation and reflection (practice) — and what it is said to lead to — are found in the following questions from Dōgen Zenji in Chapter 8:

‘What are body and mind? What is Zen conduct? What are birth and death? What is Buddhism? What are worldly affairs? And what, ultimately, are mountains, rivers, and earth, or men, animals, and houses? If you continues to ask these questions, the two aspects — movement and nonmovement — will clearly not appear. This nonappearance, however, does not mean inflexibility.’

Dōgen

Our study ended at Chapter 8 leaving two more chapters. As far as I know some major MABA studies ended without completion too such as “Beyond Mindfulness in Plain English” and a “Trust in Mind Inscription” translation, and have heard the same for other MABA studies as well. This could obviously be coincidence and/or for other reasons and factors. Could this also though be a reflection of Zen, the Bodhisattva path, and/or Nirvana/Samsara?

UPDATE: via Confluence Zen Center 9/29/2020: ‘Our next Study Group will start on Wednesday Oct. 14th and run for six weeks. We will meet from 7:00 – 8:30 pm. We will continue reading the Gakudo Yojinshu commentary, which is now available in book form — “A Blueprint of Enlightenment.” It is available for $15. If you’d like it sent to you by mail, send a check payable to: Daigaku Rumme, and he will send you a copy. This is a unique opportunity to read and discuss the book with Daigaku who is one of the translators of this text. Class cost is $20 for members and $40 for nonmembers. Please RSVP by emailing confluencezen@gmail.com’

Chapter 9: The Need to Practice in Accordance with the Way

‘Śākyamuni . . . sat beneath a bo tree doing zazen. Suddenly, upon seeing the morning star, he became enlightened. . .’

Dōgen

Interesting how Theravada teachings say various things about what went on when the historical Buddha sat beneath a Bodhi tree leading up to realizing enlightenment — possibly including: calming the mind, past-life recall, Vipassanā, turning attention to anicca, etc. — and do not mention zazen. Also is “bo tree” synonymous with Bodhi tree?

Is there a canonical reference to seeing the morning star? The current day morning star — which after a certain period becomes the evening star — is Venus. The star Sirius is also known as the morning star. Perhaps worth noting: Venus is a planet, not a star. There’s also morning star references involving the character Lucifer, and strangely enough, Jesus Christ, amongst several others.


‘The enlightenment that the Buddha realized through his own efforts has been transmitted from Buddha to Buddha without interruption to the present day.’

Dōgen

How can a transmission (from elsewhere) happen if realization occurs through one’s own efforts?


‘When you look at a book . . . your whole experience just changes with your facing it. This function is certainly working right now, although you have no idea from where or how this starts to move.’

The value of this fascinating phenomenon never really sunk in until expressed like this. And then these questions naturally arise: why is this so and how does this come to be?


‘Even if all the buddhas of the three times of past, present, and future worked together in order to completely understand the true nature of what one awakened person has realized, they would fail to do this. Even if we understand the way of enlightenment, when it comes to explaining it, only a small part of it can be described. It is such a great thing.’

And, wow, yes, how profound this great expression of vast beyondness is that it surely beckons sharing here.


‘Engendering belief like this, clarifying the Way and practice accordingly.’

Dōgen

Context is not included for this quote. I mentioned it here as a curiosity and perhaps a sign of the times to use “engendering” and because the original study text instead says, “Generating belief like this…”

Also, I won’t go into digressions on the differences of belief and faith here. However, please see the Integrating Presence post with pertinent passages on belief.


‘When Śākyamuni Buddha attained enlightenment, he proclaimed, “All sentient beings are completely endowed with the wisdom and virtue of the Tathāgata. There is absolutely no difference between them and me.”‘

What is the canonical reference for this?


‘Try cutting off the function of discriminating consciousness.’

Dōgen

and

‘It is necessary to once and for all cut off the root of thought.’

How exactly is this done? Even enlightened beings still have thoughts right? If so, then, if after cutting off the root of thought, how can there be thoughts?

Providing zero to minimal instructions seems to be both a strength and weakness of Zen. A strength because too much instruction can muddy the waters leaving a practitioner potentially confused — lost in concepts instead of direct experience. And a weakness because if too vague there may be more possibility of doubt, zoning out, and questions about “am I doing it right.”

Interestingly enough, the ability to both lessen and increase discriminating consciousness develop with regular training as well as the quieting of thoughts.

These instructions can also seem challenging because mind (wants to) say(s), “this very pointing out instruction relies on thoughts; drawing from the/a whole world of thoughts; and uses ideas.” But just because there’s language associated with these instructions — and language is a process involving the thinking mind — such a conveyance differs from the way the untrained mind usually uses and engages in thoughts; the world of thought; and ideas. It is kind of a meta reference referring to something beyond itself while nullifying the very construct of language’s entanglement with the thinking mind.


And a practice tip:

‘When you stop following thoughts . . . you will awaken.’


Don’t know if this is the place for this statement or not; here goes anyway: I’m guessing most with non-dual realizations don’t live the majority of life in a non-dual way as day-to-day interactions involve plenty of polarization. Is this because there aren’t adequate numbers (yet) of those having eradicated dualistic perceptions?

Sarah Edwards: St Louis Missouri Symbology And How To Convey One’s Psychic Abilities/Gifts

This conversation with medium and spiritual counselor Sarah Edwards was recorded August 19th, 2020 at Sugar Beans Coffee House in St Charles, Missouri.

Sarah is an intuitive guide, medium, Usui Tibetan Reiki Master Teacher, and Clairaudient delivering profoundly wise, insightful and skillful messages. Find her on Facebook at Sacred Speak with Sarah

Topics include:

  • energy of old towns vs new towns
  • psychometry
  • akashic records
  • piezoelectricity
  • accessing/reclaiming power
  • sharing stories of spiritual gifts/abilities
  • projections
  • kindness
  • empathy
  • being in balanced attunement with self and world
  • non-verbal communication
  • fleur-de-lis symbology of St Louis
  • trinity
  • brotherhoods
  • occult symbolism in pop culture
  • energy sources

Whether expressing our own views, experiences and opinions, or recalling from sources elsewhere, please only take what’s useful for your journey and investigation. Question all you hear and see here, and then it is up to you to do your own research with this information.

Ultimately — like with just about anything else — what is mentioned here is not to be taken as ultimate truth to be clung to.


Audio: Sarah Edwards: Sharing Your Story about Psychic Abilities/Gifts and St Louis Symbology

Continue reading “Sarah Edwards: St Louis Missouri Symbology And How To Convey One’s Psychic Abilities/Gifts”

Dharma Questions: The Jhanas

This irregular “Dharma Questions” series deals with “dharma” meaning both the truth of the nature of reality and some Buddhist teachings. Please see this post on the intensions for questioning and not questioning. Amongst other things these questions can be, but not necessarily:

  • thought experiments
  • borderline musings not meant to be answered
  • from laziness of not contemplating or researching them yet

There seem to be plenty of variation on the descriptions of the jhanas (especially surrounding “Nimittas”); the history and backgrounds of the jhanas — which were supposedly established well before the historical Buddha; — as well as some emotional charge surrounding what is and isn’t jhana and how to properly practice the jhanas, or meditative absorption states. And due to encouragement to not mention levels of attainment — for some very valid reasons and some not so valid reasons — it is often challenging to get a bead on sorting what is most legitimate, wise and skillful when delving into the jhanas. Plus there are the Jhanic Factors which are not the same thing as the jhanas.

I’ve only read the books Practicing the Jhanas and Beyond Mindfulness in Plain English so please forgive the lack of substantial research and proper practice with the jhanas (– as well as any and all jhana misrepresentations that I now resolve to abstain from mentioning until more vetting from teachers accomplished in the jhanas –) for the following questions:

  • Are there any connections between the jhana of boundless consciousness and the consciousnesses of the six sense spheres [and the other two consciousnesses mentioned in Mahayana: defiled mental consciousness (kliṣṭamanovijñāna) and the fundamental store-house consciousness (ālāyavijñāna)]?
  • Why no right jhana (as in right view, right resolve, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right samadhi)? [Update: Beyond Mindfulness in Plain English by Bhante Henepola Gunaratana mentions “right jhana.” Curious if certain suttas mention this exact term and/or if a case is/ can be built from various teachings in the suttas.]
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu on if there’s “Right Jhana” and the Buddha’s instructions for Jhana
  • Did the historical Buddha give detailed teachings on how to properly practice the jhanas? If so, what are the suttas? If not, why not?
  • Why are the formless jhanas also known as The Sphere of ______ ? How can there be a “sphere” of boundless/infinite space if it is boundless/infinite?
  • What are the origin(s) of the jhanas? Are the jhanas part of the organic — so to speak — innate human consciousness? If not, why not? If so, can the jhanas still be considered altered states of consciousness? If not, why not?
  • Why are the lower jhanas structured in the way and in the order they are? Why not more peace before rapture and joy?
  • What is the nature of (a) nimitta? Why and how does it exist/appear and not exist/disappear? Perhaps related, what is the nature of (various types of) light(s)?
  • Is jhana possible using discursive thinking/thoughts as the object? If not, why not, and has it been attempted?
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu on my question about effort involved with vittaka & the relationship with vicara
  • In the Agganna Sutta — The Origin of the World, or the Buddhist human origin story — I remember someone once mentioning second jhana somehow involved. Do any of the jhanas have anything to do with the “realm of streaming radiance” and “as the cosmos expands, sentient beings mostly pass away from that host of radiant deities and come back to this realm. Here they are mind-made, feeding on rapture, self-luminous, moving through the sky, steadily glorious, and they remain like that for a very long time.”
  • I’ve heard Transcendental Meditation could lead to rebirth in formless realms. If true, what is the basis and explanation for this?
  • Is more than one jhana at a time possible? How quickly can switching between jhanas occur? At what rate(s) can jhana(s) be entered and exited?
  • Minimum and maximum (time and/or intensity) duration of the jhanic factors after emerging from jhana? For example, could one or more jhanic factors cease after emerging from jhana before being aware of this thus giving the wrong assessment of what particular jhana one was in?
  • What enters into and experiences jhana?
  • How do trance states, like those of hypnosis for past life regression, compare to jhana?
  • What all classes of beings can and can’t achieve jhana? Why or why not? How is this known?
  • Can there be more than one nimitta either separately and/or concurrently?
  • What are the effects/results of combining different kasina meditations e.g., perhaps filling limited space with white and light? Can kasinas be combined (to enter jhana)? Why or why not?
  • Could any of the material jhanas be contained/limited/cordoned off/aimed at specific areas of the body (and not other areas of the body)? If so, how would this be possible, and how would this happen/work? If not, why not?
  • Are the jhanas dependent upon and/or only accessible to certain kinds of beings? If so, what kinds of beings; why is this the case and how does this work?
  • In reference to the advanced technique of quickly cycling through the jhanas in non-sequential order(s), (as perhaps a potential, more intermediary stage) would it be advisable to (make a resolve to) (test out) change(ing)/switch(ing) meditation objects to see if the same/current jhana can be maintained?
  • Since the Brahmaviharas are boundless can they go beyond 8th Jhana? If not, why not?
  • Is there a one-size-fits-all nimitta? Why or why not? How?
  • What are (the descriptions of) some common and uncommon nimittas used for/with jhana?
  • Is nimitta required for jhana? Why or why not?
  • Does the mere absence of hindrances and presence of the jhana factors constitute jhana, with or without any nimita? Why or why not?
  • Can there be space-or-transistion-between-jhana absorption? Why or why not? Can can this be investigated and known? If investigating and knowing while not in jhana is there significant difference (compared to while transitioning between jhanas) to invalidate such investigation and knowing?
  • How can there be abiding between various jhanas (and how would it be known)? If not possible, why not?
  • If it is not possible to investigate and analyze jhana while in jhana how close can access concentration get to jhana without actually entering jhana?
  • Could the samatha technique of paying attention to the breath on just the edges of the nostrils and upper lip, or the “Ānāpāna spot” originate from the word mukha [as mentioned briefly in this Leigh Brasington event] translated as mouth; face; entrance; opening; front?
  • Are there perceptional checkpoints/landmarks/etc for jhanas meaning once out of jhana does one’s everyday experience significantly change? Is there some kind of consensus perceptual shift for those who have achieved first jhana, second jhana, etc.? For example, do those who have achieved first jhana now perceive the world in similar ways than they did before attainment?


“.. let go of the sense realm, and just take some time and keep your eyes half open because you just don’t want to go into your mental sense. Normally if you close your eyes you go into your mind sense, but you don’t want to be engaged with that either. Keep your eyes slightly open and downcast. So you’re not in. You’re not out. You’re sort of poised between the inner and outer world. And it’s light.

And the practice is to steady the attention so it’s not running out. Not running in. Not jumping up and down. Not searching for something. Just poised. And in fact, soothe it by widening it. So you might say the entire visual field, auditory, all the senses — you’re opening the whole lot up internally; that is you’re opening up the sensitivity of awareness but not focusing on any particular object.

. . . You could say your body is like a ballon. As your breathing fills it up sense something lightly expanding. Not holding back; letting it lightly expand.

Then you connect your mind to that. Just by the act of placing your mind — your attention — on that experience. The whole experience. The rhythm. The spaciousness. The quality of it. Not just the sensation but the quality of spaciousness, fluidity, relaxing, with this thread of sensation acting as the trace that you can sense. Don’t get too tight on that one.

It’s really about changing the atmosphere. Perhaps getting a feeling for body which is much more to do with how the breathing shapes it internally. Fluid.

— from Dhamma Stream Guided Meditation – Jhāna is Based on Disengagement by Ajahn Sucitto

Jhana and Nimitta from the suttas and commentaries


Somewhat related post: Questions And Points Put To Leigh Brasington On “Psychic Powers” In The Suttas